India’s Arctic Policy: Deterrent Against China’s Belt and Road Initiative?

Abstract

This study aims to analyse India’s Arctic policy, along with its historical background, and discusses whether it has a deterrent structure against Chinese policies in the Arctic. Typically, innovation programs are instrumental methods for countries to develop their economies. However, driven by apprehensions that China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project may potentially impact the autonomy of other nations in the region, India has assumed a supporting role within the Arctic context in relation to China. In the international arena, it has become evident that other countries can be alternative allies against China’s foreign policies. In this study, employing qualitative research methods, an in-depth examination of the historical background of India’s Arctic policy has been conducted, encompassing a comprehensive literature review. Subsequently, using a comparative analysis method, these policies have been evaluated by juxtaposing various facets of the policies with analogous policies pursued by other nations. Finally, a comprehensive regional and international data analysis has been executed to assess the ramifications and potential outcomes of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) within the region. This approach has facilitated a nuanced comprehension of India’s role in the Arctic and the rationale underpinning India’s stance vis-à-vis the policies pursued by China.