Ideological shift in the german alternative für Deutschland (AFD) and its implications

Abstract

The far-right German party, Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), made a dramatic leap in the February 2025 German federal election, securing 20.8% of the vote and emerging as the second most popular party. This development poses a serious challenge to the so-called “firewall” (Brandmauer) that has historically excluded far-right parties from Germany’s political mainstream. This study provides a theoretical analysis of how the AfD has generated and leveraged cleavages within the established German party system, and how existing parties have responded by exploiting those divisions to consolidate their own positions. The analysis traces the origins of the AfD, compares its founding platform to subsequent electoral manifestos, and examines the evolution of its ideology. The rise of far-right parties in Germany has been predominantly influenced by developments in the former East German regions. This phenomenon is primarily interpreted within a socioeconomic context, encompassing the increase in immigrants and refugees, and the subsequent decline in employment opportunities. This study aims to draw implications for peace in light of the rise of far-right parties. By examining the German case-which is already experiencing challenges, and regional conflicts following reunification-, this research ultimately seeks to contribute to the construction of a peaceful and democratic society.