ESG in check: sustainable normative frameworks and climate finance In the world order

Abstract

The article dissects the European architecture of ESG – from CBAM to CSRD, passing through green bonds – and exposes its dual nature: internally coherent, yet externally projecting asymmetric costs. Internationally, while China ambivalently pulls the cart of the transition, Europe leads by multiplying its regulatory frameworks; in turn, Africa finds itself confined to the role of a transit territory.